| A | ||
| Infinitive | Simple Past | Past Participle |
| arise | arose | arisen |
| awake | awakened / awoke | awakened / awoken |
| B | ||
| backslide | backslid | backslidden / backslid |
| be | was, were | been |
| bear | bore | born / borne |
| beat | beat | beaten / beat |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| bend | bent | bent |
| bet | bet / betted [?] | bet / betted [?] |
| bid (farewell) | bid / bade | bidden |
| bid (offer amount) | bid | bid |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| bleed | bled | bled |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| breed | bred | bred |
| bring | brought | brought |
| broadcast | broadcast / broadcasted | broadcast / broadcasted |
| browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten / browbeat |
| build | built | built |
| burn | burned / burnt [?] | burned / burnt [?] |
| burst | burst | burst |
| bust | busted / bust | busted / bust |
| buy | bought | bought |
| C | ||
| cast | cast | cast |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| cling | clung | clung |
| clothe | clothed / clad [?] | clothed / clad [?] |
| come | came | come |
| cost | cost | cost |
| creep | crept | crept |
| crossbreed | crossbred | crossbred |
| cut | cut | cut |
| D | ||
| daydream | daydreamed / daydreamt [?] | daydreamed / daydreamt [?] |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| dig | dug | dug |
| disprove | disproved | disproved / disproven |
| dive (jump head-first) | dove / dived | dived |
| dive (scuba diving) | dived / dove | dived |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| dream | dreamed / dreamt [?] | dreamed / dreamt [?] |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| dwell | dwelt / dwelled [?] | dwelt / dwelled [?] |
| E | ||
| eat | ate | eaten |
| F | ||
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fit (tailor, change size) | fitted / fit [?] | fitted / fit [?] |
| fit (be right size) | fit / fitted [?] | fit / fitted [?] |
| flee | fled | fled |
| fling | flung | flung |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| forecast | forecast | forecast |
| forego (also forgo) | forewent | foregone |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen |
| foretell | foretold | foretold |
| forget | forgot | forgotten / forgot [?] |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| frostbite | frostbit | frostbitten |
| G | ||
| get | got | gotten / got [?] |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grind | ground | ground |
| grow | grew | grown |
| H | ||
| hand-feed | hand-fed | hand-fed |
| handwrite | handwrote | handwritten |
| hang | hung | hung |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hew | hewed | hewn / hewed |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| I | ||
| inbreed | inbred | inbred |
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid |
| input | input / inputted | input / inputted |
| interbreed | interbred | interbred |
| interweave | interwove / interweaved | interwoven / interweaved |
| interwind | interwound | interwound |
| J | ||
| jerry-build | jerry-built | jerry-built |
| K | ||
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt / kneeled | knelt / kneeled |
| knit | knitted / knit | knitted / knit |
| know | knew | known |
| L | ||
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| lean | leaned / leant [?] | leaned / leant [?] |
| leap | leaped / leapt [?] | leaped / leapt [?] |
| learn | learned / learnt [?] | learned / learnt [?] |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| lie (not tell truth) REGULAR | lied | lied |
| light | lit / lighted | lit / lighted |
| lip-read | lip-read | lip-read |
| lose | lost | lost |
| M | ||
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| miscast | miscast | miscast |
| misdeal | misdealt | misdealt |
| misdo | misdid | misdone |
| mishear | misheard | misheard |
| mislay | mislaid | mislaid |
| mislead | misled | misled |
| mislearn | mislearned / mislearnt [?] | mislearned / mislearnt [?] |
| misread | misread | misread |
| misset | misset | misset |
| misspeak | misspoke | misspoken |
| misspell | misspelled / misspelt [?] | misspelled / misspelt [?] |
| misspend | misspent | misspent |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| misteach | mistaught | mistaught |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood |
| miswrite | miswrote | miswritten |
| mow | mowed | mowed / mown |
| N | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "N." | ||
| O | ||
| offset | offset | offset |
| outbid | outbid | outbid |
| outbreed | outbred | outbred |
| outdo | outdid | outdone |
| outdraw | outdrew | outdrawn |
| outdrink | outdrank | outdrunk |
| outdrive | outdrove | outdriven |
| outfight | outfought | outfought |
| outfly | outflew | outflown |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown |
| outleap | outleaped / outleapt [?] | outleaped / outleapt [?] |
| outlie (not tell truth) REGULAR | outlied | outlied |
| outride | outrode | outridden |
| outrun | outran | outrun |
| outsell | outsold | outsold |
| outshine | outshined / outshone [?] | outshined / outshone [?] |
| outshoot | outshot | outshot |
| outsing | outsang | outsung |
| outsit | outsat | outsat |
| outsleep | outslept | outslept |
| outsmell | outsmelled / outsmelt [?] | outsmelled / outsmelt [?] |
| outspeak | outspoke | outspoken |
| outspeed | outsped | outsped |
| outspend | outspent | outspent |
| outswear | outswore | outsworn |
| outswim | outswam | outswum |
| outthink | outthought | outthought |
| outthrow | outthrew | outthrown |
| outwrite | outwrote | outwritten |
| overbid | overbid | overbid |
| overbreed | overbred | overbred |
| overbuild | overbuilt | overbuilt |
| overbuy | overbought | overbought |
| overcome | overcame | overcome |
| overdo | overdid | overdone |
| overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn |
| overdrink | overdrank | overdrunk |
| overeat | overate | overeaten |
| overfeed | overfed | overfed |
| overhang | overhung | overhung |
| overhear | overheard | overheard |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid |
| override | overrode | overridden |
| overrun | overran | overrun |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen |
| oversell | oversold | oversold |
| oversew | oversewed | oversewn / oversewed |
| overshoot | overshot | overshot |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept |
| overspeak | overspoke | overspoken |
| overspend | overspent | overspent |
| overspill | overspilled / overspilt [?] | overspilled / overspilt [?] |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken |
| overthink | overthought | overthought |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown |
| overwind | overwound | overwound |
| overwrite | overwrote | overwritten |
| P | ||
| partake | partook | partaken |
| pay | paid | paid |
| plead | pleaded / pled | pleaded / pled |
| prebuild | prebuilt | prebuilt |
| predo | predid | predone |
| premake | premade | premade |
| prepay | prepaid | prepaid |
| presell | presold | presold |
| preset | preset | preset |
| preshrink | preshrank | preshrunk |
| proofread | proofread | proofread |
| prove | proved | proven / proved |
| put | put | put |
| Q | ||
| quick-freeze | quick-froze | quick-frozen |
| quit | quit / quitted [?] | quit / quitted [?] |
| R | ||
| read | read (sounds like "red") | read (sounds like "red") |
| reawake | reawoke | reawaken |
| rebid | rebid | rebid |
| rebind | rebound | rebound |
| rebroadcast | rebroadcast / rebroadcasted | rebroadcast / rebroadcasted |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt |
| recast | recast | recast |
| recut | recut | recut |
| redeal | redealt | redealt |
| redo | redid | redone |
| redraw | redrew | redrawn |
| refit (replace parts) | refit / refitted [?] | refit / refitted [?] |
| refit (retailor) | refitted / refit [?] | refitted / refit [?] |
| regrind | reground | reground |
| regrow | regrew | regrown |
| rehang | rehung | rehung |
| rehear | reheard | reheard |
| reknit | reknitted / reknit | reknitted / reknit |
| relay (for example tiles) | relaid | relaid |
| relay (pass along) REGULAR | relayed | relayed |
| relearn | relearned / relearnt [?] | relearned / relearnt [?] |
| relight | relit / relighted | relit / relighted |
| remake | remade | remade |
| repay | repaid | repaid |
| reread | reread | reread |
| rerun | reran | rerun |
| resell | resold | resold |
| resend | resent | resent |
| reset | reset | reset |
| resew | resewed | resewn / resewed |
| retake | retook | retaken |
| reteach | retaught | retaught |
| retear | retore | retorn |
| retell | retold | retold |
| rethink | rethought | rethought |
| retread | retread | retread |
| retrofit | retrofitted / retrofit [?] | retrofitted / retrofit [?] |
| rewake | rewoke / rewaked | rewaken / rewaked |
| rewear | rewore | reworn |
| reweave | rewove / reweaved | rewoven / reweaved |
| rewed | rewed / rewedded | rewed / rewedded |
| rewet | rewet / rewetted [?] | rewet / rewetted [?] |
| rewin | rewon | rewon |
| rewind | rewound | rewound |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten |
| rid | rid | rid |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| roughcast | roughcast | roughcast |
| run | ran | run |
| S | ||
| sand-cast | sand-cast | sand-cast |
| saw | sawed | sawed / sawn |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| set | set | set |
| sew | sewed | sewn / sewed |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shave | shaved | shaved / shaven |
| shear | sheared | sheared / shorn |
| shed | shed | shed |
| shine | shined / shone [?] | shined / shone [?] |
| shit | shit / shat / shitted | shit/ shat / shitted |
| shoot | shot | shot |
| show | showed | shown / showed |
| shrink | shrank / shrunk | shrunk |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sight-read | sight-read | sight-read |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sink | sank / sunk | sunk |
| sit | sat | sat |
| slay (kill) | slew / slayed | slain / slayed |
| slay (amuse) REGULAR | slayed | slayed |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| slide | slid | slid |
| sling | slung | slung |
| slink | slinked / slunk | slinked / slunk |
| slit | slit | slit |
| smell | smelled / smelt [?] | smelled / smelt [?] |
| sneak | sneaked / snuck | sneaked / snuck |
| sow | sowed | sown / sowed |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| speed | sped / speeded | sped / speeded |
| spell | spelled / spelt [?] | spelled / spelt [?] |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spill | spilled / spilt [?] | spilled / spilt [?] |
| spin | spun | spun |
| spit | spit / spat | spit / spat |
| split | split | split |
| spoil | spoiled / spoilt [?] | spoiled / spoilt [?] |
| spoon-feed | spoon-fed | spoon-fed |
| spread | spread | spread |
| spring | sprang / sprung | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| sting | stung | stung |
| stink | stunk / stank | stunk |
| strew | strewed | strewn / strewed |
| stride | strode | stridden |
| strike (delete) | struck | stricken |
| strike (hit) | struck | struck / stricken |
| string | strung | strung |
| strive | strove / strived | striven / strived |
| sublet | sublet | sublet |
| sunburn | sunburned / sunburnt [?] | sunburned / sunburnt [?] |
| swear | swore | sworn |
| sweat | sweat / sweated | sweat / sweated |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swell | swelled | swollen / swelled |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| T | ||
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| telecast | telecast | telecast |
| tell | told | told |
| test-drive | test-drove | test-driven |
| test-fly | test-flew | test-flown |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| thrust | thrust | thrust |
| tread | trod | trodden / trod |
| typecast | typecast | typecast |
| typeset | typeset | typeset |
| typewrite | typewrote | typewritten |
| U | ||
| unbend | unbent | unbent |
| unbind | unbound | unbound |
| unclothe | unclothed / unclad [?] | unclothed / unclad [?] |
| underbid | underbid | underbid |
| undercut | undercut | undercut |
| underfeed | underfed | underfed |
| undergo | underwent | undergone |
| underlie | underlay | underlain |
| undersell | undersold | undersold |
| underspend | underspent | underspent |
| understand | understood | understood |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken |
| underwrite | underwrote | underwritten |
| undo | undid | undone |
| unfreeze | unfroze | unfrozen |
| unhang | unhung | unhung |
| unhide | unhid | unhidden |
| unknit | unknitted / unknit | unknitted / unknit |
| unlearn | unlearned / unlearnt [?] | unlearned / unlearnt [?] |
| unsew | unsewed | unsewn / unsewed |
| unsling | unslung | unslung |
| unspin | unspun | unspun |
| unstick | unstuck | unstuck |
| unstring | unstrung | unstrung |
| unweave | unwove / unweaved | unwoven / unweaved |
| unwind | unwound | unwound |
| uphold | upheld | upheld |
| upset | upset | upset |
| V | ||
| No commonly used irregular verbs beginning with "V." | ||
| W | ||
| wake | woke / waked | woken / waked |
| waylay | waylaid | waylaid |
| wear | wore | worn |
| weave | wove / weaved | woven / weaved |
| wed | wed / wedded | wed / wedded |
| weep | wept | wept |
| wet | wet / wetted [?] | wet / wetted [?] |
| win | won | won |
| wind | wound | wound |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
| withhold | withheld | withheld |
| withstand | withstood | withstood |
| wring | wrung | wrung |
| write | wrote | written |
| X | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "X." | ||
| Y | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "Y." | ||
| Z | ||
| No irregular verbs beginning with "Z." | ||
********** <> **********
[?]
| * T- Forms |
| T-forms include: burnt, clapt, crept, dealt, dreamt, dwelt, felt, leant, leapt, learnt, meant, spelt, smelt, spilt, spoilt, stript, vext T-forms can be divided into two categories: those with a vowel change and those without a vowel change. T-forms with a vowel change include: crept, dealt, dreamt, felt, leapt, meant The t-forms with a vowel change are still very common in modern English. In fact, crept, dealt, felt and meant are the only accepted forms. In the case of dreamt and leapt, although dreamt andleapt are still quite common and acceptable in both written and spoken English, the regular forms dreamed and leaped seem to be more popular in modern usage. T-forms without a vowel change include: burnt, clapt, dwelt, leant, learnt, spelt, smelt, spilt, spoilt, stript, vext The t-forms without a vowel change are slowly disappearing from the language. Dwelt is the only form in this category which is more frequently used than the regular -ed form. Burnt, leant andlearnt are still relatively common in spoken English and fairly common in written English. Spelt, smelt, spilt and spoilt are quickly disappearing. Stript, clapt and vext are rarely used in contemporary English. |
| * Bet / Betted, Quit / Quitted and Wet / Wetted |
| Betted, quitted and wetted are often listed as "British" forms. In reality, our research indicates the irregular forms bet, quit and wet are more common than the regular forms in both American and British English. Although the irregular forms are preferred, the regular forms betted, quitted and wetted are still used in contemporary English in both America and, more commonly, in Britain. |
| * Clothed / Clad |
| Most English speakers use the form clothed as the simple past and past participle of to clothe. However, clad is still often used as an adjective to mean "dressed in." Our research turned up many such examples: bikini clad iron clad rubber clad towel clad clad in protective clothing |
| * Fit vs. Fitted - Two Options |
| One of the few significant differences that we found between American irregular verbs and British irregular verbs was with the form fitted. In British English, the form fitted seems to be preferred. In American English, the situation appears to be more complicated. Our research indicates that Americans generally prefer the simple past and past participle form fit. However, when the verb fitis used to mean "to tailor," they seem to prefer fitted. |
| * Shined vs. Shone |
| With the verb shine, the form shined is preferred in everyday English, possibly because shone sounds too much like the form shown, which is the past participle of show. However, in Internet searches the form shone occurs quite frequently because of its use in literary English. |
| * Gotten vs. Got as Past Participle |
| For the verb got, gotten is often listed as the American past participle and got as the British past participle. Our research shows that gotten is actually more common than got in British English. This is also true for the verb forget. The situation is complicated by the fact that have got is often used to mean "to have" or "must" such as in the following examples: I've got five dollars. I've got to go soon. |
Source: http://www.englishpage.com
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